A minimum approach distance (MAD) is the closest a person, tool, or piece of equipment can get to an energized overhead power line without risking a dangerous electrical arc or flashover. It's a fundamental safety rule for anyone working on or near electrical infrastructure.

These distances are crucial because electricity can "jump" through the air, especially at high voltages. Even without direct contact, a person or equipment can become part of the electrical circuit, leading to severe injury or death. The MAD is a legal requirement set by national and regional safety standards to prevent these accidents.